Botswana is expanding its diplomatic and investment outreach to Russia even as negotiations with the United States over diamond tariff relief continue, signaling a dual-track strategy to safeguard its diamond-driven economy.

The government has announced plans to open an embassy in Moscow and has invited Russian investors to explore opportunities in Botswana’s mining sector, including diamonds and rare earth minerals. Speaking to Russia’s state news agency TASS, Foreign Minister Phenyo Butale said Botswana’s political and economic stability makes it an attractive destination for long-term investment.

Botswana and Russia rank among the world’s leading diamond producers and have a history of cooperation. Russian firms such as Kristall Production Corporation have operated in Gaborone for years, supplying rough diamonds and technical expertise in polishing and jewellery manufacturing. Norilsk Nickel has also undertaken mining and mineral processing projects in the country since 2007.

At the same time, Botswana is pushing for improved access to the U.S. market, where its diamond exports face steep tariffs. Currently, diamonds mined, cut, and polished in Botswana attract a 15% duty, while rough stones face tariffs of up to 37%. Stones processed in third countries can incur duties as high as 50%.

In late 2025, senior Botswana officials held talks with U.S. counterparts, proposing preferential access to critical minerals in exchange for reduced or eliminated diamond tariffs. President Duma Boko later confirmed that negotiations were at an advanced stage.

As diamond sales soften and production is adjusted to manage costs, Botswana is diversifying partnerships to stabilise revenues, with diamonds remaining the backbone of its economy and export earnings.